Common allergens include penicillin, latex, aspirin,strawberries, shellfish, and peanuts. Histamine, released by mast cells, produces virtually all the clinical signs and symptoms associated with allergic reactions, including rash, bronchospasm, and vasodilation.

The severity of the allergic reaction depends on how rapidly and where these chemicals are released. Delayed-onset allergies most commonly involve only the skin and are not life-threatening. Immediate-onset allergies are life-threatening, usually involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and producing bronchospasm and a drop in blood pressure. This requires immediate emergency management to keep the person alive.

The American Dental Association (ADA) website has  the current requirements from the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American Heart Association (AHA), regarding antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental treatment for patients that may be predisposed to infective endocarditis due to heart conditions or who have had total joint replacement.

www.ada.org/public/topics/antibiotics.asp

www.ada.org/prof/resources/topics/antibiotic.asp

Below I have briefly listed premedication requirements for dental treatment taken from the American Dental Association along with their direct link:

 

The American Heart Association (AHA) states that preventive antibiotics prior to a dental procedure are advised for patients with: 

1.  artificial heart valves

2.  a history of infective endocarditis

3.  certain specific, serious congenital (present from birth) heart conditions, including

• unrepaired or incompletely repaired cyanotic congenital heart disease, including those with palliative shunts and conduits
• a completely repaired congenital heart defect with prosthetic material or device, whether placed by surgery  or by catheter intervention, during the first six months after the procedure
• any repaired congenital heart defect with residual defect at the site or adjacent to the site of a prosthetic patch or a prosthetic device

4.  a cardiac transplant that develops a problem in a heart valve.

www.ada.org/public/topics/antibiotics.asp

 

The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons(AAOS) states that preventive antibiotics prior to a dental procedure are advised for patients with:

• total joint replacement

www.ada.org/prof/resources/topics/antibiotic.asp